The American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men

Dreams are meant to be dreamt but are never attained. In the riveting novella of Of Mice and Men, two â€Å"bindlestiffs†, George and Lennie (the protagonists), search for a job in Soledad, a small town not too far from Salinas, during the poverty-stricken era of the 1930s. During the 1930s, many â€Å"Okies†, unemployed and impecunious migrants from the Midwest, traveled to California in search of a dwelling and an occupation. All of them aspired to be wealthy and have all the fancy goods and chattels in life, but very few could accomplish such a breathtaking endeavor. Throughout the entire novella of Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck conveys a universal message which states that the American dream is simply unachievable. Lennie and Crooks, people†¦show more content†¦They say I stink. Well, I tell you, you all of you stink to me.† (68) Crooks’s â€Å"American† dream is to be accepted by white people and do activities with them. However, he i s black, so the white ranch workers discriminate him because of their personal assumptions. The others assume that Crooks is awkward, just because of his skin color. Type-casting is a human’s natural instinct, and, most of the time, there is nothing to be done to help one class or group of people being inappropriately classified. Self-absorption is seen throughout Of Mice and Men when people act as crabs in a bucket and try to pull others down to his/her level for emotional gain. For example, Crooks elucidates the vile competition among all of the migrant workers to Lennie, â€Å"I seen hunderds of men come by on the road an’ on the ranches, with their bindles on their back an’ that same damn thing in their heads...Ever’body wants a little piece of lan’...It’s just in their head. They’re all the time talkin’ about it, but it’s jus’ in their head.† (74) Crooks intimidates Lennie by making his dream’s chances of success seem dangerously low. By pulling Lennie down to his level, he acts like a crab in a bucket, even though he is an African American. Crooks takes advantage of Lennie’s mental-illness to make himself feel superior to a white man; if Lennie was not born mentally-ill, then there is little to no chance that Crooks woul d have dared to take advantage of him. Likewise, Curley, a small light-weightShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men836 Words   |  4 Pagesthat can describe America over 80 years ago. John Steinbeck paints a realistic portrait of America in the 1930’s. In doing so, he discusses the important controversial issues in a prà ©cis 106 pages. Everything has a purpose, and in writing these 106 pages, Steinbeck had a purpose to fulfill. Steinbeck’s purpose in writing Of Mice and Men consisted of many components, but it can be summed up in three main points. This includes portraying the American dream in the 1930’s, giving insight into life duringRead MoreThe American Dream in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesOf Mice and Men is based on 1930s America during the Great Depression. The American dream was no more, and the land of opportunity had become the land of misfortune. It was during this time that many farmers best hope for a new life lay in California. The American Dream is the idea of an individual overcoming all obstacles and beating all odds to one day be successful. This subject is the predominant theme in John Steinbeck’s novel. This is a novel of defeated hope and the harsh realityRead MoreThe Pursuit of the American Dream in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men1967 Words   |  8 PagesOf Mice and Men is a short novel about the story of two migrant workers who are best friends during the Great Depression (Goldhurst 49). The setting is the Salinas Valley in California, and the majority of the characters are unskilled migratory workers who do what their name implies. They travel from towns and ranches and farms looking for work and eventually move on to find another job. John Steinbeck puts the spotlight on two migratory workers who dream to finally settle down by saving money toRead MoreThe Importance of the American Dream to John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men2288 Words   |  10 Pagesthe American Dream to John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men The novella, Of Mice and Men was written in 1937 in Salinas, California. It was written by John Steinbeck who himself was born in Salinas in 1902. Adjacent to the Salinas River, much of the towns commerce is centred upon shipping and agriculture and specifically vegetable farming. Early in the century many people were migrating to California, and many were trying to succeed in farming. One of Steinbecks jobsRead MoreThe American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men761 Words   |  4 PagesPropaganda filters throughout the world to lean people’s views one way or another. In Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, he uses George and Lennie, Crooks, and Curley’s wife to demonstrate the American Dream. This is unattainable but is their motivation to carry on their daily on the ranch lives. George and Lennie’s actions revolve around their American Dream. In a conversation between George and Lennie they discuss their dream, George states â€Å"... We’re gonna get the jack together and we’re gonna have a littleRead MoreEssay about The American Dream in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men731 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Dream is a fundamental theme in John Steinbecks novel Of Mice and Men. I will endeavor to examine how the theme is presented in the novel in order to determine why it is so important. Whilst exploiting the theme it will be imperative to consider the characters that hold this dream, I will focus on George and Lennie, the two central characters. In addition I will acknowledge the social and economic situation of the time, the Great Depression. The American Dream is an idealRead MoreThe Unattainable American Dream in John Steinbeck’s Novel Of Mice and Men756 Words   |  4 Pagesinclination of all men and women to dream. In John Steinbeck’s novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men,† the American dream is sought after by many different characters. However, the main theme in the story is how these dreams are unattainable, and how because of the Great Depression, all American dreams were dead. But what is the American dream? A unitary definition does not exist, however, the meaning of living the American dream is something that differs for everyone. For some people, the American dream might be acceptanceRead MoreThe Failure Of The American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men829 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men The novella, Of Mice and Men takes place in the Salinas River Valley, California during the Great Depression. It was written by John Steinbeck, who grew up near the Salinas River Valley in the 1900s. During the Great Depression, stock markets crashed, and people went poor overnight. Some men would travel from farm to farm just to get enough food to feed themselves. They didn’t have homes, everything they owned could fit in a backpack. In his novella, Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck usesRead MoreJohn Steinbeck: An American Writer During the Great Depression1315 Words   |  6 Pagestime. Because of the difficult situations, American writers turned their focus to social problems and issues. They were motivated to arouse sympathy for the suffering of common people, especially those at the very bottom of the society. (Wang, 2012) John Steinbeck (1902-1968), born in Salinas, California, is one of the most significant and representative American writers in that era. He is the winner of the Noble Prize for Literature in 1962. John Steinbeck’s living experience in California had a greatRead MoreAmerica Is Home To Many Great Writers Whom Come Different1709 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica is home to many great writers whom come different backgrounds. American authors like John Steinbeck who add biographical elements into their pieces of writing. John Steinbeck, one of the most honorable authors of time, is known for receiving Nobel Prize, California commonwealth club medal, Pulitzer Prize, and other great accomplishments towards publishing sixteen novels. Steinbeck’s realist style of writing and life experiences impacting his life show the reader he’s been through a lot in The American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men Propaganda filters throughout the world to lean people’s views one way or another. In Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, he uses George and Lennie, Crooks, and Curley’s wife to demonstrate the American Dream. This is unattainable but is their motivation to carry on their daily on the ranch lives. George and Lennie’s actions revolve around their American Dream. In a conversation between George and Lennie they discuss their dream, George states â€Å"... We’re gonna get the jack together and we’re gonna have a little house and a couple of acres, an’ a cow and some pigs† (Steinbeck, 14). George says this to Lennie to motivate him to keep quiet and out of trouble so they can eventually reach these dreams. The American Dream can be defined as people†¦show more content†¦He doubted Lennie because of his incapability to keep his head down and do what he’s told. Lennie constantly asked George to reassure him of these dreams to comfort and motivate him. Crooks, the African American stable hand of the Tyler ranch, was discriminated for his skin color and could not imagine his dreams would ever to come true because of it. Crooks grew up on his father’s ranch with his brothers and they were happy. He worked hard for his American Dream of eventually living off the ‘fat of the land’ with George and Lennie. Crooks home is, a little shed that leaned off the wall of the barn â€Å"This suggests that he is isolated from the other men and treated like the animals he cares for and as such is made to live with them† (â€Å"Effects of Segregation and Racism in Of Mice and Men Chapter 4†). He came to the quick realization that it is impossible to go along with George and Lennie and he does not see any dream with white men possible. Curley’s wife was known as a tart and was avoided by the men on the ranch. At first the reader could assume her dream was to be noticed and talked to but her dream was to Ã¢â‚¬Ë œbe in the pictures’. A professional man had promised to make her famous and she waited for a letter that ensured this. She never received the letter and that’s where the decline of her dreams happened. Shortly after, her dreams started failing she married Curley who controlled her.Show MoreRelatedThe American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men836 Words   |  4 Pagesthat can describe America over 80 years ago. John Steinbeck paints a realistic portrait of America in the 1930’s. In doing so, he discusses the important controversial issues in a prà ©cis 106 pages. Everything has a purpose, and in writing these 106 pages, Steinbeck had a purpose to fulfill. Steinbeck’s purpose in writing Of Mice and Men consisted of many components, but it can be summed up in three main points. This includes portraying the American dream in the 1930’s, giving insight into life duringRead MoreThe American Dream in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay1430 Wor ds   |  6 PagesOf Mice and Men is based on 1930s America during the Great Depression. The American dream was no more, and the land of opportunity had become the land of misfortune. It was during this time that many farmers best hope for a new life lay in California. The American Dream is the idea of an individual overcoming all obstacles and beating all odds to one day be successful. This subject is the predominant theme in John Steinbeck’s novel. This is a novel of defeated hope and the harsh realityRead MoreThe Pursuit of the American Dream in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men1967 Words   |  8 PagesOf Mice and Men is a short novel about the story of two migrant workers who are best friends during the Great Depression (Goldhurst 49). The setting is the Salinas Valley in California, and the majority of the characters are unskilled migratory workers who do what their name implies. They travel from towns and ranches and farms looking for work and eventually move on to find another job. John Steinbeck puts the spotlight on two migratory workers who dream to finally settle down by saving money toRead MoreThe Importance of the American Dream to John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men2288 Words   |  10 Pagesthe American Dream to John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men The novella, Of Mice and Men was written in 1937 in Salinas, California. It was written by John Steinbeck who himself was born in Salinas in 1902. Adjacent to the Salinas River, much of the towns commerce is centred upon shipping and agriculture and specifically vegetable farming. Early in the century many people were migrating to California, and many were trying to succeed in farming. One of Steinbecks jobsRead MoreThe American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men804 Words   |  4 PagesDreams are meant to be dreamt but are never attained. In the riveting novella of Of Mice and Men, two â€Å"bindlestiffs†, George and Lennie (the protagonists), search for a job in Soledad, a small town not too far from Salinas, during the poverty-stricken era of the 1930s. During the 1930s, many â€Å"Okies†, unemployed and impecunious migrants from the Midwest, traveled to California in search of a dwelling and an occupation. All of them aspired to be wealthy and have all the fancy goods and chattels inRead MoreEssay about The American Dream in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men731 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Dream is a fundamental theme in John Steinbecks novel Of Mice and Men. I will endeavor to examine how the theme is presented in the novel in order to determine why it is so important. Whilst exploiting the theme it will be imperative to consider the characters that hold this dream, I will focus on George and Lennie, the two central characters. In addition I will acknowledge the social and economic situation of the time, the Great Depression. The American Dream is an idealRead MoreThe Unattainable American Dream in John Steinbeck’s Novel Of Mice and Men756 Words   |  4 Pagesinclination of all men and women to dream. In John Steinbeck’s novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men,† the American dream is sought after by many different characters. However, the main theme in the story is how these dreams are unattainable, and how because of the Great Depression, all American dreams were dead. But what is the American dream? A unitary definition does not exist, however, the meaning of living the American dream is something that differs for everyone. For some people, the American dream might be acceptanceRead MoreThe Failure Of The American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men829 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men The novella, Of Mice and Men takes place in the Salinas River Valley, California during the Great Depression. It was written by John Steinbeck, who grew up near the Salinas River Valley in the 1900s. During the Great Depression, stock markets crashed, and people went poor overnight. Some men would travel from farm to farm just to get enough food to feed themselves. They didn’t have homes, everything they owned could fit in a backpack. In his novella, Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck usesRead MoreJohn Steinbeck: An American Writer During the Great Depression1315 Words   |  6 Pagestime. Because of the difficult situations, American writers turned their focus to social problems and issues. They were motivated to arouse sympathy for the suffering of common people, especially those at the very bottom of the society. (Wang, 2012) John Steinbeck (1902-1968), born in Salinas, California, is one of the most significant and representative American writers in that era. He is the winner of the Noble Prize for Literature in 1962. John Steinbeck’s living experience in California had a greatRead MoreAmerica Is Home To Many Great Writers Whom Come Different1709 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica is home to many great writers whom come different backgrounds. American authors like John Steinbeck who add biographical elements into their pieces of writing. John Steinbeck, one of the most honorable authors of time, is known for receiving Nobel Prize, California commonwealth club medal, Pulitzer Prize, and other great accomplishments towards publishing sixteen novels. Steinbeck’s realist style of writing and life experiences impacting his life show the reader he’s been through a lot in

How to Use the French Phrase On y Va (Lets Go)

On y va,  pronounced  o(n) nee va,  is an informal expression, one of the most common in the French language, that means literally  were going (there). But in use, it means:  lets go,  wanna go?,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹here we go.   The French expression  on y va  is a quick and easy way to: suggest an outingask if others are ready to goannounce that its time to leaveindicate the beginning of some activity Why Use On Notice that  on  takes the place of the first person plural, we, in this expression. But the  on  construction  can also easily be replaced with the first person plural  allons-y  as a statement or question  while retaining the same meaning:   Ils nous attendent.  Allons-y. Theyre waiting for us. Lets go.   Generally speaking  on, pronounced with a nasal ohn is the indefinite pronoun and literally means one. Its often equivalent to the English  passive voice,  as in: On ne dit pas à §a. That isnt said. But on  is also very often an informal replacement for we, you, they, someone, or people in general. And that it how it functions in on y va. Examples of On y Va Son nouveau film va ouvrir demain. On y va  ?   His new movie opens tomorrow. Wanna go? / Are we going?Le taxi est arrivà ©, on y va  ?   The taxi is here, (is everyone) ready to go?Voilà  , jai fait la vaisselle. On y va  !   There, I did the dishes. Lets go!Il faut choisir une chanson pour notre sketch. On y va.   We need to choose a song for our sketch. Lets do it. / Lets get started. / Here goes.Allez, monte,  on y va. On peut devenir des hà ©ros ce soir. Come on, get in the car, lets  go. We can make heroes of ourselves tonight.Je fais du chili pour la collecte de fond. Je men fous.  on y va. Im making chili for the fundraiser. I dont give a damn.  Lets go.Tout le monde met ses chaussures et on y va.   Everybody, put on your shoes and  lets go.Allez mon grand,  on y va, à ©carte les jambes. Okay, lets do this.  Come on, spread them. Synonyms of On y Va   Est-ce que tu veux y aller  ?   Do you want to go?  Ãƒâ€¡a te dit  ?   Interested?  On peut y aller si tu veux. We can go if you like.Est-ce que tu es prà ªt / vous à ªtes prà ªts ? Are you ready to go?

International Terrorism †the World’s Greatest Challenge Today Free Essays

Today the threat of terrorism is becoming more and more serious. Terrorism is considered the greatest threat against the safety of the world, and especially the USA, today. The extent of the terrorism has increased significantly over the last couple of years, since the terrorist attacks against the US on the 11th of September 2001. We will write a custom essay sample on International Terrorism – the World’s Greatest Challenge Today or any similar topic only for you Order Now After these attacks former president of the US, George Bush declared a war against terrorism. There are various opinions about what can be defined as terrorism. Because there are so many situations that can be defined as terrorism, it is be very difficult to find an exact definition. Many countries have different definitions, and the definitions have also changed over the years. Not even the UN has managed to agree about one common definition. In short we can say that terrorism is some sort of attack at civilians to achieve a political goal. Terrorism has existed for many centuries, but in the last couple of years the attacks have become more extensive and the devastations has become greater. In the future scientists expect that the terrorists will carry out actions with weapons of mass destruction such as chemical, radiological and biological weapons. The war on terrorism is a global campaign led by the USA. The goal is to fight international groups that are considered to be terroristic. They especially focus on radical Islamic terror groups, such as the Al-Qaida. Today the war on terrorism goes on in countries such as Afghanistan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Iraq, and Israel. Many human rights organizations have criticized the war on terrorism because they think it in many cases can lead to violations of the human rights. Around the globe there are various terrorist organizations, all with different goals and reasons for their terrorist-activities. The most known group today might be the Al – Qaida which origins form Afghanistan, but has become an international organization. The Al-Qaida became known after the terrorist actions on the 11th of September 2001 when 4 airplanes were hijacked. Two of them were flown into the two main buildings of the World Trade centre in New York. One airplane was crashed into the Pentagon, and the last airplane crash-landed in a field in Pennsylvania. After these attacks the USA decided to attack Afghanistan. The leader of Al-Qaida is Osama Bin Laden who has been hiding from the US troops ever since the war started. The reasons for Al-Qaida’s actions are based on the Islamic â€Å"Sharia† – laws. They want to fight the states they consider a threat against Islam, and especially the USA and Israel. The Al-Qaida leaders encourage all Muslims to kill American citizens, both military and civilians. We can separate the terrorist actions into two main groups; local and international terrorism. Local terrorism consists of actions such as suicide missions, car bombings and so on. International terrorism is actions where the citizens and/or territory of several countries are affected. There are many situations that can lead to the use of terrorism. Terrorism can occur in both poor as well as wealthy countries, and in both democracies and states under different kinds of dictatorship. However, terrorism is most likely to occur in countries that are characterized by poverty and oppression. People in poor countries might feel like they are subjected to an unfair distribution of the world’s wealth. Poverty is claimed to be an underlying part of all the causes of terrorism. Terrorism is a global issue that has to be fought globally. Organizations like the UN, NATO and the EU have the war against international terrorism as their highest priority. The UN is currently working on a convention that can be an important part of handling terrorism. They have also established a strategy on how we can fight the terrorism. But we still have a long way to go, and the world might never be completely terror-free. However, if we work on preventing planned terrorist-actions and focus on improving the circumstances that lead to terrorism, the amount of terrorism could be decreased significantly. How to cite International Terrorism – the World’s Greatest Challenge Today, Essay examples

Article Review for Air Traffic Management-MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theArticle Review for Air Traffic Management. Answer: Geometric Algorithms for Conflict Detection/Resolution in Air Traffic Management The author reflects that geometric algorithm is utilized generally for managing the air traffic system. The paper focuses on the various problems as well as issues that are related with conflict resolution as well as detection in context to air traffic management. It is identified that the problems of air traffic management is mainly considered from the perspective of various computational geometry. It also helps in providing appropriate algorithm for solving various types of problem effectively. A very much simple methodology was mainly proposed which helps in routing various types of multiple aircraft with the help of prioritized routing scheme in space-time (Chiang et al. 1997). The approaches of both conflict prediction as well as resolution problems are generally casted into a piece of proper geometric framework for devising various types of algorithm that is dependent on different type of methodologies for computational geometry. The author reflects some of the designs of the w ork as well as report on some of the recent experiments with the help of proper simulation system that helps in implementing some of the algorithms. Proper algorithm is implemented within the simulation system which helps in tracking large number of flights that have multiple number of conflicts and it generally helps in proposing modified routes for resolving the appropriately. The author discusses on different types of preliminary results by conducting appropriate set of experiments that are helpful in determining the effectiveness of the entire method. Concept for Next Generation Air Traffic Control System The author focuses on the article that mainly elaborates the concept of next generation air traffic system. It is quite necessary that the traffic control system in the next generation must have proper capacity as well as proper improving capability with appropriate safety. The author mainly elaborates the concept of automated airspace, which has the potential to achieve appropriate objectives. Automated computer space that is known as ground based component helps in generating conflict free as well as efficient clearness that is generally associated with trajectories that are send directly to the various trajectories that are send directly to the aircraft with the help of data link (Erzberger and Paielli 2002). Other component that is ground based that assists in providing proper as well as safe net for ensuring various types of safe operations that are generally maintained in the various event of failure that generally took place on various board systems. TSAFE will be helpful in m onitoring the clearances as well as trajectories that are generally transferred with the help of AACS to ach of the aircraft that are equipped. The concept of automated airspace helps in minimizing the workload of the controller, which is associated with the various types of tactical problems that include traffic flow management as well as requests from the pilot. TSAFE also has the application that helps in improving the controller tool in order to detect various types of conflicts. It has also helps in reducing the potential of various types of operational problems. Changes in the responsibility of the pilot as well as controller are found due to the various operations of automated airspace. Tracking Algorithms for Air Traffic Control Applications The article focuses on tracking algorithm that is used for air traffic control. The author presents that a proper analysis of algorithm in order to track the system of traffic control. The author examines three algorithms, which include adaptive alpha filter representative within the system, adaptive model with the help of Kalman filter and an appropriate interacting multiple. It is identified that the interactive multiple models filter that includes various type of turn rate as one of the additional state of the filter and after then it is estimated appropriately as a part of as proper extended filter of Kalman. The author elaborates the performances of the filters over appropriate scenarios that generally reflect the targets of both the civilians as well as military. The author also modeled Mode S-sensor as well as existing radar system (Kastella and Biscuso 1995). It is analyzed that a dramatic performance exists between the alpha or beta algorithm and Kalman filters excluding the cases of straight-line targets. It is identified that the one of the significant difference that exists between the various Kalman filters was in the appropriate magnitude of peak errors that generally occurs during turns. Interacting with various model filters helps in yielding 3p percent of reduction in different peak areas that are generally relative with the adaptive single model filter. 700 floating per updates of operations are generally needed by both the alpha as well as beta filter. Optimal Algorithms and a Remarkably Efficient Heuristic for the Ground-Holding Problem in Air Traffic Control The author focuses on optimal algorithm as well as on appropriate Heuristic for various types of ground holding problem that exists in Air Control systems. The author considers the air traffic control generally helps in limiting the duration of delays by holding both aircraft previous as well as departure when the airport destination is found to be congested.The problem that generally exists due to assigning ground holds to various aircraft is generally known as ground holding challenge or problem. It is analyzed that the problem of ground holding decisions generally implemented in various airports. It is identified that the speed of the solutions for various types of algorithms are critical. The paper mainly helps in testing both the dynamic as well as static solutions and an appropriate heuristic for various types of assignments the ground holds the system of traffic control (Richetta 1995). The optimal solutions are generally dependent on different types of linear programming. The heuristic helps in incorporating various types of elements that helps in modeling by appropriate information utilization that is generally conveyed with the help of probabilistic forecasting of appropriate landing capacity. The author also conducts expensive experiments that are dependent on data of an airport. It is identified that heuristic mainly performs much better than other optimal static optimal solution. Due to its remarkable efficiency, the dynamic heuristics generally appears to be appropriate promising building block in the development of appropriate fast ground holding related algorithm. Automated Conflict Resolution for Air Traffic Control The author generally reflects on the automated conflict resolution for air traffic control. It is identified that the capability of detecting as well as resolving conflicts automatically is found to be one of the most important as well as essential requirements for both the next generation air traffic control system. The systems that are utilized generally are the automated conflict detection, which have been used by the controller operationally. Proper analytical models as well as algorithm are considered as automated resolution for traffic control for demonstrating that they can handle the complete spectrum of conflict situations that are generally encountered in different actual situations (Erzberger 2005). The resolution algorithm assists in elaborating the performance of various AAC. The performance objective of various AACs helps in increasing both the capacity as well as security of airspace in order to accommodate different types of preferences with the flight operations. It is analyzed by the author that trajectories resolution must be compatible with appropriate clearances, flight plan as well as flight plan amendments that helps in controlling various types of customarily issues for resolving different types of conflicts. References Chiang, Y.J., Klosowski, J.T., Lee, C. and Mitchell, J.S., 1997, December. Geometric algorithms for conflict detection/resolution in air traffic management. InDecision and Control, 1997., Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on(Vol. 2, pp. 1835-1840). IEEE. Erzberger, H. and Paielli, R.A., 2002. Concept for next generation air traffic control system.Air Traffic Control Quarterly,10(4), pp.355-378. Erzberger, H., 2005. Automated conflict resolution for air traffic control. Kastella, K. and Biscuso, M., 1995. Tracking algorithms for air traffic control applications.Air Traffic Control Quarterly,3(1), pp.19-43. Richetta, O., 1995. Optimal algorithms and a remarkably efficient heuristic for the ground-holding problem in air traffic control.Operations Research,43(5), pp.758-770.